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The people

Who built this knowledge

23 of 31 source chains name their pioneer so far. A name appears here only once a scholar has recorded what that person actually did and where it is written — a name with nothing behind it is what the source rule exists to prevent.

Aryabhata Acharya — mathematician and astronomer 499 CE (established) Mathematics → Bharata Muni Dramaturgical scholar Date disputed; the text is layered Art, music, dance and drama → Bhaskaracharya Mathematician and astronomer Twelfth century CE (established) Trigonometry → Bhavamishra Physician and compiler of materia medica Sixteenth century CE (probable) Pharmacy and pharmacology → Charaka Physician Date disputed; the received text is a redaction of an older tradition Human biology, health and first aid → Gautama Philosopher of the Nyaya school Date disputed; the sutras were added to over time Philosophy, logic and critical thinking → Ishvarakrishna Author of the Samkhya Karika Date disputed; usually placed in the early centuries CE Psychology and study of mind → Kautilya Political and economic thinker; minister Date disputed; the received text shows later redaction Economics, commerce and business studies → Madhava of Sangamagrama Mathematician; founder of the Kerala school Fourteenth to fifteenth century CE (probable) Mathematics and mathematical sciences → Panini Grammarian Mid-first millennium BCE (disputed) Languages and grammar → Parashara Author of the Krishi Parashara Date disputed; the tradition is older than the surviving text Agriculture → Patanjali Compiler of the Yoga Sutra Date disputed Physical education and wellbeing → Pingala Scholar of prosody Date disputed; placed in the last centuries BCE by most accounts Computer science and computational thinking → Surapala Author of the Vrikshayurveda Date disputed; usually placed in the early medieval period Biology and Botany → Surapala and Parashara Authors of the Vrikshayurveda and the Krishi Parashara Dates disputed for both texts Environmental studies → Sushruta Physician and surgical scholar Date disputed; the surviving text is layered and redacted Medicine and surgery (MBBS, MS) → The Dharmashastra and Rajaniti traditions Several jurists and political thinkers; no single figure Dates disputed and differing by text Political science, civics and law → The Manasara tradition Shilpa and vastu compilers; authorship not individual Date disputed; the text is a compilation Design, technology and engineering → The Rasashastra tradition Rasa authors and compilers; authorship not individual Date disputed; the texts are compilations of a longer tradition Chemistry → The six darshanas Six schools with separate authors; no single figure Dates disputed and differing by school Philosophy → Varahamihira Astronomer Sixth century CE (probable) Astronomy and Earth science → Vyasa, by tradition Attributed compiler; authorship traditional, not established Dates disputed across all these texts Ethics and values education → Yajnavalkya Jurist of the Dharmashastra tradition Date disputed Law and jurisprudence →